Step 1: Update Ubuntu 24.04 LTS

Before installing the Magento 2.4.9 dependencies, update the Ubuntu package lists and upgrade the existing packages on your server. This helps ensure that you are working with the latest available security updates and package versions.

First, connect to your Ubuntu 24.04 LTS server using SSH.

Then run the following commands:

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y

Verify the Ubuntu Version

Before continuing, verify that your server is running Ubuntu 24.04 LTS. Run the following command:

lsb_release -a

You should see output similar to:

Step 2: Install Nginx

Nginx is the web server that will handle requests to your Magento 2.4.9 store. In this guide, we will use the Nginx 1.30 stable branch and configure it to work with Magento and PHP-FPM.

Install Required Packages

Install the packages required to add and verify the official Nginx repository:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install curl gnupg2 ca-certificates lsb-release ubuntu-keyring -y

Add the Nginx Signing Key

Download and install the official Nginx repository signing key:

curl https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key | gpg --dearmor | sudo tee /usr/share/keyrings/nginx-archive-keyring.gpg >/dev/null

Add the Official Nginx Repository

Add the official Nginx repository for Ubuntu 24.04:

echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/nginx-archive-keyring.gpg] https://nginx.org/packages/ubuntu `lsb_release -cs` nginx" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nginx.list

Set Repository Priority

Configure APT to prefer packages from the official Nginx repository:

echo -e "Package: *\nPin: origin nginx.org\nPin: release o=nginx\nPin-Priority: 900\n" | sudo tee /etc/apt/preferences.d/99nginx

Install Nginx

Update the package lists and install Nginx:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install nginx -y

Verify the Nginx Version

Check the installed Nginx version:

nginx -v

You should see an Nginx 1.30.x version:

Check the Nginx Service

Verify that Nginx is running:

sudo systemctl status nginx

Look for:  Active: active (running)

If Nginx is running correctly, press Q to exit the status screen.

Enable Nginx at Boot

Enable Nginx to start automatically whenever the server reboots:

sudo systemctl enable nginx

Step 3: Install PHP 8.5

Magento 2.4.9 requires PHP 8.5. In this step, we will verify the existing PHP installation first and install PHP 8.5 only when it is required.

1. Check the Existing PHP Version

First, check whether PHP is already installed:

php -v

Now follow the appropriate path below:

• If PHP 8.5 is already active: do not install PHP again. Continue to Verify PHP Extensions below.
• If another PHP version is active: do not immediately change it. First check whether the server
  is being used by other websites or applications.
• If PHP is not installed: continue with the installation steps below.

2. Install PHP 8.5

If PHP 8.5 is not already installed, we will add the PHP repository and install PHP 8.5 together with PHP-FPM and the extensions required for Magento 2.4.9.

Add the PHP Repository

Ubuntu’s default repositories may not provide the PHP version required for this guide. We will use the Ondřej Surý PHP PPA to install PHP 8.5.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php -y

Update the package lists:

sudo apt update

Install PHP 8.5 and Required Extensions

Install PHP 8.5, PHP-FPM, and the PHP extensions required by Magento:

sudo apt install php8.5 \
php8.5-cli \
php8.5-common \
php8.5-fpm \
php8.5-mysql \
php8.5-curl \
php8.5-gd \
php8.5-intl \
php8.5-bcmath \
php8.5-soap \
php8.5-xml \
php8.5-mbstring \
php8.5-zip \
php8.5-xsl \
php8.5-sockets -y

3. Set PHP 8.5 as the Default CLI Version

This step is required only if multiple PHP versions are installed and the command-line PHP is not using PHP 8.5.

First, check the active PHP version:

php -v

If the output shows PHP 8.5, you do not need to change anything. Continue to the next section/step.

If another PHP version is active, check which PHP versions are installed:

ls /etc/php/

If PHP 8.5 is available, select it as the default CLI version:

sudo update-alternatives --config php

Select the option corresponding to PHP 8.5. Then verify the active version:

php -v

4. Verify the PHP Version

Check the active PHP CLI version:

php -v

You should see PHP 8.5 in the output:

5. Verify PHP-FPM

Magento running behind Nginx uses PHP-FPM to process PHP requests.
Verify that PHP 8.5-FPM is running:

sudo systemctl status php8.5-fpm

Look for: Active: active (running)

If PHP-FPM is already running, no further action is required.

If it is not running, start the service:

sudo systemctl start php8.5-fpm

Then enable it to start automatically after a server reboot:

sudo systemctl enable php8.5-fpm

Step 4: Install MariaDB 12.3

Magento 2.4.9 supports MariaDB 12.3. In this step, we will first check whether a database server is already installed. MariaDB 12.3 will only be installed when it is actually required.

1. Check Whether MariaDB or MySQL Is Already Installed

First, check whether MariaDB or MySQL is already available:

mariadb --version

If the command is not available, also check for MySQL:

mysql --version

You can also check whether a database service is currently running:

sudo systemctl status mariadb

If MariaDB is not installed, you may see a message such as:

Unit mariadb.service could not be found.

2. Install MariaDB 12.3

For this guide, we are installing MariaDB 12.3 on a fresh Ubuntu 24.04 LTS server.

Ubuntu’s default repository may provide a different MariaDB release. To install the version required for this Magento 2.4.9 guide, we will use MariaDB’s official repository setup script and explicitly select the MariaDB 12.3 release series.

MariaDB’s official documentation supports configuring a specific release series using the --mariadb-server-version option.

Download the MariaDB Repository Setup Script

curl -LsSO https://r.mariadb.com/downloads/mariadb_repo_setup

Make the script executable:

chmod +x mariadb_repo_setup

Configure the MariaDB 12.3 Repository

Run the repository setup script and explicitly select MariaDB 12.3:

sudo ./mariadb_repo_setup --mariadb-server-version="mariadb-12.3"

This configures the MariaDB repository for the 12.3 release series and updates the package information.

Install MariaDB Server

Now install the MariaDB server and client packages:

sudo apt install mariadb-server mariadb-client -y

3. Verify the MariaDB Version

After installation, check the installed MariaDB version:

mariadb --version

You should see MariaDB 12.3 in the output, for example:

4. Verify the MariaDB Service

Check whether the MariaDB service is running:

sudo systemctl status mariadb

Look for: Active: active (running)

If MariaDB is installed but the service is not running, start it:

sudo systemctl start mariadb

Then enable MariaDB to start automatically after a server reboot:

sudo systemctl enable mariadb

5. Secure the MariaDB Installation

MariaDB provides a security script that helps remove unnecessary default settings and improve the initial database configuration.

Run:

sudo mariadb-secure-installation

Follow the prompts displayed by the script.
The exact questions can vary depending on the MariaDB version and existing configuration.

6. Confirm That MariaDB Is Ready

Finally, connect to MariaDB locally:

sudo mariadb

You should see the MariaDB prompt:

Check the server version

Then exit: EXIT;

Step 5: Create Magento Database

Magento requires a dedicated database and database user to store catalog, customer, order, configuration, and other store data.

In this step, we will create:

• Database: magento
• User: magento_user
• Password: A strong password of your choice

1. Open the MariaDB Console

Because we enabled Unix socket authentication for the MariaDB root account, you can access the MariaDB console using:

sudo mariadb

You should see:

MariaDB [(none)]>

2. Create the Magento Database

Create a database named magento:

CREATE DATABASE magento;

You can verify that the database was created:

SHOW DATABASES;

You should see magento in the list.

3. Create a Dedicated Magento Database User

Create a separate database user for Magento:

CREATE USER 'magento_user'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'YourStrongPasswordHere';

4. Grant Database Permissions

Grant the Magento database user access to the Magento database:

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON magento.* TO 'magento_user'@'localhost';

Apply the privilege changes:

FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

5. Verify the Magento Database User

You can verify that the user exists:

SELECT User, Host FROM mysql.user WHERE User = 'magento_user';

You should see:

magento_user    localhost

6. Exit MariaDB

Once the database and user have been created, exit the MariaDB console:

EXIT;